Protocol before rank
Comparison tables with their caveats attached.
Representative values show source, protocol, verification, and comparability rather than implying a universal leaderboard.
Do not compare blindly.Rows may use different protocols. Reliability labels describe evidence, not method quality.
Semi-supervised VAD
| Method | Dataset | Metric | Value | Protocol | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FutureFrame | Ped2 | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| FutureFrame | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| FutureFrame | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MemAE | Ped2 | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MemAE | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MemAE | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| HyCoVAD | ComplexVAD | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MLLM-EVAD | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MLLM-EVAD | ComplexVAD | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SlowFastVAD | Ped2 | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SlowFastVAD | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SlowFastVAD | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SlowFastVAD | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SFN-VAD | Ped2 | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SFN-VAD | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SFN-VAD | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VLAVAD | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Follow the Rules | Ped2 | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Follow the Rules | CUHK Avenue | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Follow the Rules | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Follow the Rules | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 4)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported |
Weakly supervised VAD
| Method | Dataset | Metric | Value | Protocol | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSL | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MSL | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MSL | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MIST | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MIST | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| GCN | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| GCN | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DeepMIL | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DAKD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DAKD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DAKD | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LEC-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LEC-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Ex-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Ex-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Federated-WVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Federated-WVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LOP-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LOP-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TCRFL | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TCRFL | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TCRFL | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| FSA-VAD | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VadCLIP++ | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VadCLIP++ | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| RelVid | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| RelVid | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| AVadCLIP | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Multimodal-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Multimodal-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PEMIL | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PEMIL | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PEMIL | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VadCLIP | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VadCLIP | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| CLIP-TSA | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| CLIP-TSA | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| CLIP-TSA | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| ReFLIP-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| ReFLIP-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| IELD-WVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| IELD-WVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DWFF-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| DWFF-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| CMSIL | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| CMSIL | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| WSVAD-LLMKE | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| WSVAD-LLMKE | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| WSVAD-LLMKE | ShanghaiTech | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TEVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 5)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported |
Training-free & open-world LM-based VAD
| Method | Dataset | Metric | Value | Protocol | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OVVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| OVVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| OVVAD | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Anomize | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Anomize | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PLOVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Holmes-VAU | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Holmes-VAU | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Holmes-VAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Holmes-VAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| QVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| QVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| QVAD | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Flashback | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| Flashback | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TFPLG | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| TFPLG | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MoniTor | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MoniTor | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| EventVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| EventVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PANDA | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PANDA | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| PANDA | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VADTree | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VADTree | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VERA | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| VERA | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SUVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| SUVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MCANet | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MCANet | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| MCANet | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LAVAD | UCF-Crime | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LAVAD | XD-Violence | AP | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported | |
| LAVAD | UBnormal | AUC | Author-reported (survey Table 6)Comparable within stated sample | Author Reported |